Essential Forensic Biology法医生物学导论 pdf 下载 txt 阿里云 lit rtf azw3 免费

　　Essential Forensic Biology is an introduction to the application of the science of biology in legal investigations. Focusing on the legal system in the UK, the book provides a detailed de*ion of the decay process, and discusses the role of forensic indicators - human fluids and tissues, including blood cells, bloodstain pattern analysis, hair, teeth, bones and wounds. It also considers the role microorganisms, invertebrates and plants play within forensic investigations before considering future directions in forensic science. The book examines the study of forensic biology in cases of suspicious death, and also explores the organisms used in a range of legal investigations; from human and animal neglect to food spoilage, structural damage, the illegal collection/trade of protected species and bioterrorism.

Essential Forensic Biology fills the gap for a resource, which provides information on the range of biological organisms; animals, plants and microbes used in forensic studies. An invaluable introductory text for all students taking forensic science courses, the book features a fully integrated website that covers forensic entomology with additional material and figures from the text to enhance student understanding.

An introduction covering the essentials of forensic biology

Features a fully integrated website covering forensic entomology with additional material and self-test questions to reinforce student understanding

Each chapter includes a series of questions and topics for further study

Focuses on the UK legal system

Introduction

1 The Decay Process

　The stages of decomposition

　Fresh

　Bloat

　Putrefaction

　Putrid dry remains

　Factors affecting the speed of decay

　Burial underground

　Burial underwater

　Time of year and temperature

　Exposure to sunlight

　Burning

　Geographical location

　Quick quiz

　Project work

2 Human Fluids and Molecular Biological Techniques as Forensic Indicators

　Body fluids and waste products

　Blood cells and blood typing

　Confirming the presence of blood

　Bloodstain pattern analysis

　The Sam Sheppard case

　The Sion Jenkins case

　Saliva and semen as forensic indicators

　Faeces and urine as forensic indicators

　Molecular biology

　The structure of DNA

　DNA profiling

　The Colin Pitchfork case

　Forensic applications of DNA profiling

　Evaluation of DNA evidence

　Polymerase chain reaction

　Short tandem repeat markers

　Y-Short tandem repeat markers

　Single nucleotide polymorphism markers

　Mobile element insertion polymorphisms

　Mitochondrial DNA

　The Tsar Nicholas II case

　Quick quiz

　Project work

3 Human Tissues and Wounds as Forensic Indicators

　The outer body surface

　Skin

　Fingerprints

　Lip prints and ear prints

　Retinal and iris scans

　Tattoos

　Hair

　Characteristics

　Assimilation of poisons, drugs and explosives

　Bones

　Characteristics

　Determination of gender

　Determination of ethnic origin

　Determination of stature

　Determination of age

　Facial reconstruction

　Determination of age of remains

　Teeth

　Characteristics

　Determination of age

　Determination of gender and ethnic origin

　Identification based on dental characteristics

　Effects of drug abuse on dental characteristics

　Wounds

　Definitions

　Bruises

　Abrasions

　Lacerations

　Incised wounds

　Stab wounds

　Bone damage

　Gunshot wounds

　Bite marks

　Burns and scalds

　Postmortem injuries

　Quick quiz

　Project work

4 Bacteria and Viruses in Forensic Science

　Introduction

　The role of microorganisms in the decomposition process

　Microbial profiles as identification tools

　How microbial infections can predispose people to crime and simulate the occurrence of a criminal act

　The use of microorganisms in bioterrorism

　Anthrax

　Plague

　Smallpox

　The transmission of HIV as a criminal act

　The role of microbes in food poisoning

　Quick quiz

　Project work

5 Protists, Fungi and Plants in Forensic Science

　Introduction

　Protists as forensic indicators

　Fungi as forensic indicators

　Plants as forensic indicators

　Wood

　Pollen and spores

　Fruits, seeds and leaves

　Plant secondary metabolites as sources of drugs and poisons

　Illegal trade in protected plant species

　Quick quiz

　Project work

6 Invertebrates in Forensic Science

　Introduction

　Invertebrates as forensic indicators in cases of murder or suspicious death

　Invertebrates attracted to dead bodies

　Detritivores

　Carnivores and parasitoids

　Parasitoid insects

　Coprophiles

　Invertebrates leaving dead bodies

　Invertebrates accidentally associated with dead bodies

　Invertebrates as a cause of death

　Invertebrates as forensic indicators in cases of neglect and animal welfare

　The role of invertebrates in food spoilage and hygiene litigation

　Invertebrates as a cause of nuisance

　Invertebrates as a cause of structural damage

　Illegal trade in protected species of invertebrates

　Quick quiz

　Project work

7 Forensic Information Gained from Invertebrates

　The importance of correct identification

　Calculating the minimum time since death or infestation from invertebrate development rates

　Complicating factors affecting minimum time since death calculations

　Determination of the minimum time since death or infestation using invertebrate species composition

　Determination of the minimum time since death using ectoparasites

　Determination of body movement or point of infestation from invertebrate evidence

　Invertebrate evidence in cases of wound myiasis and neglect

　Detection of drugs, toxins and other chemicals in invertebrates

　Obtaining DNA evidence from invertebrates

　Determining the source and duration of invertebrate infestations of food and timber products

　Quick quiz

　Project work

8 Vertebrates in Forensic Science

　Introduction

　Vertebrate scavenging of human corpses

　Vertebrates causing death and injury

　Neglect and abuse of vertebrates

　Vertebrates and drugs

　Vertebrates and food hygiene

　Illegal trade in protected species of vertebrates

　Quick quiz

　Project work

9 Collection of Animal and Plant Material for Forensic Studies

　Introduction

　The importance of scientific rigour and safety issues when collecting biological material

　Collecting and preserving diatoms and algae for forensic analysis

　Collecting and preserving testate amoebae for forensic analysis

　Collecting and preserving plant material for forensic analysis

　Collecting invertebrates for forensic analysis

　Killing and preserving techniques for invertebrates

　Killing methods for hard-bodied invertebrates

　Killing methods for soft-bodied invertebrates

　Preservation of hard-bodied invertebrates

　Preservation of soft-bodied invertebrates

　Preservation of invertebrate eggs

　Invertebrate identification techniques

　Collecting environmental information for forensic analysis

　Quick quiz

　Project work

　Postscript: Future Directions in Forensic Biology

　References

Index

Dr. Alan Gunn is senior lecturer and Zoology Programme Director at the School of Biological & Earth Sciences, at John Moores University. He has written numerous papers on parasitology, the biology of blowflies, the physiology and behaviour of agricultura

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