Benjamin Franklin: The Autobiography(ISBN=9781598530957) pdf 下载 txt 阿里云 lit rtf azw3 免费

"Franklin''s is one of the greatest autobiographies in

literature, and towers over other autobiographies as Franklin

towered over other men." -William Dean Howells

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Benjamin Franklin, statesman, philosopher, and man of letters,

was born in Boston in 1706 of Protestant parents. He entered Boston

Grammar School when he was eight and later attended George Brown

Ell’s school. When he was twelve his father apprenticed him to his

half-brother James as a printer. James was later the publisher of

the New England Courant, where Franklin’s first articles,

The Dogood Papers, were published before he was seventeen.

He went to Philadelphia in 1723 and pursued his trade of printer.

He was befriended by William Keith, Governor of Pennsylvania, who

offered to help the young man get started in business. Franklin

left for England, where he hoped to arrange for the purchase of

printing equipment. Arriving in London in 1724, he was soon

deserted by Keith, and again turned to printing for a livelihood.

His privately printed Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity,

Pleasure and Pain (1725) introduced him to leading Deists and

other intellectuals in London. A year later, he returned to

Philadelphia, and by 1730 he had been appointed public printer for

Pennsylvania. In 1731 he established the first circulation library

in the United States; in 1743-44, The American Philosophical

Society. In 1748 he retired from the trade of printer but continued

to advise and back his partner and to draw profit from the

business. Poor Richard’s Almanack was his most spectacular

success as a publisher, having gone through numerous editions and

been translated in many languages. During the next thirty-five

years he devoted himself largely to politics and diplomacy, but

still wrote and engaged in scientific ventures. He resigned as

Minister to France in 1785, returned to America, and was elected

President of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Still concerned with

the rights of the individual, he published papers encouraging the

abolition of slavery. He died in Philadelphia in 1790.

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