1434 The Year A Magnificent Chinese Fleet Sailed To Italy And Ignited the Renaissance 1434:一支庞大的中国舰队抵达意大利并燃起“文艺复兴” pdf 下载 txt 阿里云 lit rtf azw3 免费

Based on years of research,this marvelous history by bestselling historian Gavin Menzies argues thet in 1434 a Chinese fleet-official ambassadors of the emperor-arrived in Tuscany,where they were received by Pope Eugenius IV in Florence.The delegation Presented the in fluential pope with a wealth of Chinese learning from a diverse range of fields:art,geograpthy (including world maps theat were passed on to Christopher Columbus and Ferdinand Magellan),astronomy,mathematics,printing,architecture,steel manufacturing,military weaponry,and more,This vast trove of knowledge spread across Europe,igniting the legendary inventiveness of the Renaissance,including the work of such geniuses as da Vinci,Copernicus,Galileo,and others.

Erudite and brilliantly reasoned ,1434 will change the way we see ourselves,our history,and our world.

INTRODUCTION

Ⅰ Setting rhe Scene

1 A LAST VOYAGTE

2 THE EMPEROR'S AMRASSADOR

3 THE FLEETS ARE PREPARED FOR THE VOYAGE TO THE BARBARIANS

4 ZHENG HE'S NAVIGATORS' CALCULATION OF LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE

5 VOYAGE TO THE RED SEA

6 CAIRO AND THE RED SEA-NILE CANAL

Ⅱ China lgnites the Renaissance

7 TO THE VENICE OF NICCOLO DA CONTI

8 PAOLO TOSCANELLI'S FLORENCE

9 TOSCANELLI MEETS THE CHINESE AMBASSADOR

10 COLUMBUS'S AND MAGELLAN'S WORLD MAPS

11 THE WORLD MAPS OF JOHANNES SCHONER,MARTIN WALDSEEMULLER,AND ADMIRAL ZHENG HE

12 TOSCANELLI'S NEW ASTRONOMY

13 THE FLORENTINE MATHEMATICIANS:TOSCAELLI,NICHOLAS OF CUSA ,AND REGIOMONTANUS

14 LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI AND LEONARDO DA VINCI

15 LEONARDO DA VINCI AND CHINESE INVENTIONS

16 LEONARDO,DI GIORGIO,TACCOLA,AND ALBERTI

17 SILK AND RICE

18 GRAND CANALS:CHINA AND LOMBARDY

19 FIRE ARMS AND STEEL

20 PRINTING

21 CHINA'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE RENAISSANCE

Ⅲ China's Legacy

22 TRAGEDY ON THE HIGH SEAS:ZHENG HE'S PLEET DESTROYED BY A TSUNAMI

23 THE CONQUISTADORES' INHERITANCE:OUR LADY OF VICTORY

Acknowledgments

Notes

Bibliography

Peotograph Credits

Index

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Christopher Columbus supposedly discovered America in 1492. Yet 18 years before he set sail, Columbus had a map of the Americas, which he later acknowledged in his logs.

How do you discover a place for which you already have a map?

The same question could be asked of Magellan.

Having embarked on the simultaneous construction of the Forbidden City, the Ming tombs, and the Temple of Heaven, China was also building two thousand ships for Zheng He's fleets.These vast projects had denuded the land of timber. As a consequence, eunuchs were sent to pillage Vietnam.

But for generations of mandarins who governed the Ming dynasty and complied almost all Chinese historical source, the voyages led by Zheng He were a deviation from the proper path. The mandarins did all they could to belittle Zheng He's achievements.

书籍介绍

The brilliance of the Renaissance laid the foundation of the modern world. Textbooks tell us that it came about as a result of a rediscovery of the ideas and ideals of classical Greece and Rome. But now bestselling historian Gavin Menzies makes the startling argument that in the year 1434, China—then the world's most technologically advanced civilization—provided the spark that set the European Renaissance ablaze. From that date onward, Europeans embraced Chinese intellectual ideas, discoveries, and inventions, all of which form the basis of western civilization today.

Florence and Venice of the early fifteenth century were hubs of world trade, attracting traders from across the globe. Based on years of research, this marvelous history argues that a Chinese fleet—official ambassadors of the emperor—arrived in Tuscany in 1434, where they were received by Pope Eugenius IV in Florence. The delegation presented the influential pope with a wealth of Chinese learning from a diverse range of fields: art, geography (including world maps that were passed on to Christopher Columbus and Ferdinand Magellan), astronomy, mathematics, printing, architecture, steel manufacturing, military weaponry, and more. This vast treasure trove of knowledge spread across Europe, igniting the legendary inventiveness of the Renaissance, including the work of such geniuses as da Vinci, Copernicus,Galileo, and more.

In 1434, Gavin Menzies combines this long-overdue historical reexamination with the excitement of an investigative adventure. He brings the reader aboard the remarkable Chinese fleet as it sails from China to Cairo and Florence, and then back across the world. Erudite and brilliantly reasoned, 1434 will change the way we see ourselves, our history, and our world.